How to set up MP-enabled GMT

The recommended way is to create a ConfigUser.cmake from ConfigUserTemplate.cmake in the source cmake directory, but I guess another pointed by -C should work to. But you have not set

set (GMT_ENABLE_OPENMP TRUE)

When I run your command (Windows here and 16 cores) I see my CPU working at > 90% so the OMP must be the responsible for that high CPU usage.